What is a "Covenant" and Why is it Important?
But the mercy of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that fear Him, and His righteousness unto children's children.
To such as keep His covenant, and to those that remember His commandments to do them.
Psalms 103:17-18, KJV
This will be a simple lesson on a complex subject, so forgive me if I oversimplify and don't cover the subject as thoroughly as such an important topic requires. My intent is just to provide some basic facts about God's covenant relationship with mankind from the beginning, so there is certainly no way I will be able do it justice in such a small amount of space. Having said that, I do want to point out just how important being in a covenant relationship with God is, for those who are in a covenant relationship with God now (and continue to remain in that covenant) will be with Him in Heaven. So, here goes...
A covenant is basically an agreement. Some will call it just that - an agreement, while others will call it a contract. A contract may be a bit too simplistic to describe what a covenant really is, but it is a good start. A contract is an agreement between two or more people. It will contain basic requirements by both sides (performance) and it will contain the benefit that accrue to each party for keeping their end of the deal. In the Bible we will often see the formal language of the covenant describes this benefit. It will be something along the lines of, "I will be your God, and you will be My people."
The first covenant was the only one that did not require blood. The reason is evident, for the first people, Adam and Eve, had not yet sinned. Their covenant, if it is appropriate to call this simple understanding such, was that they would tend the garden and not east of the fruit of the forbidden tree. In return, God would be with them and would permit them to enjoy life in a paradise that was even complete with the Tree of Life.
That came to a crashing end when they violated the terms of that simple agreement. Not only did they forfeit the privilege of remaining in that paradise, but they also died spiritually that day. Sin separates and they therefore had to be separated from their Father. Furthermore, the first blood for the sins of men was apparently shed, for God clothed them in the skin of an animal to cover their nakedness.
The covenants after that were often done on a "one on one" basis. People have referred to this era as the Patriarchal Age, for God spoke directly to mankind (usually the head of a family) in order to explain His covenants, complete with terms of performance, the rewards for keeping the covenant, and the penalties for breaking it. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are good examples of the patriarchs.
Next came the first truly broad-based covenant: The Mosaic Dispensation, during which time God gave His laws to an entire nation. The laws were all-encompassing and specific. They involved the shedding of the blood of bulls and goats, as well as the circumcision of the males at the age of eight days. The blood of bulls and goats were typically a sin offering, though there were other types of sacrifices as well. The circumcision was a sign of the covenant that God had established during the Patriarchal age beginning with Abraham. God did not forget the Gentiles (non-Jews) either, as the New Testament reveals that they were a law unto themselves. Apparently, the Patriarchal Age continued for the Gentiles and ran concurrently with the Mosaic Dispensation for the Jews. Both were covenants, though the Gentile's seemed to be much less formal than those under the Law of Moses.
Now, as to our covenant: The Christian era. It began with Jesus' crucifixion. When He died, it was once for all, for all mankind, and was sealed by the shedding of His blood. No longer would there be a need for continual sacrifices, nor would there be multiple covenants. Once the resurrection from the dead was completed three days after Jesus was killed on that cross, there would no longer be more than one agreement with more than one set of rules. All people (Jews and Gentiles) were to believe, repent, confess (call on His name) and be baptized into His name. When they did that, God would add them to His church. It is the only covenant that is available to mankind after the cross, for there is no other name given under heaven by which men must be saved.
It is the Christian era, and it is the New Covenant (that is why the New Testament is called the New Testament). There are written commandments contained within the New Testament that are the nonrevocable terms of this new covenant. The rewards are plainly stated, as are the penalties for non-compliance. Those who have been added to Christ by God upon their obedience to their side of the covenant are saved. It is clearly by grace that we have this opportunity, but it is also just as clear that we keep our side of the covenant in order to remain in that covenant relationship. Failure to perform our side of the agreement will result in our being removed from the benefits of the covenant, while those who keep the covenant will be given an eternity with God. In short, He will be our God, and we will be His people, forever.
We simply have to remain in the covenant to enjoy this great blessing. The only question that remains is are you in that covenant?